事实上,剑桥考官的范文中,复杂句的数量寥寥可数,很多时候都是把简单句进行了华丽的包装,今天就来看看考官喜欢的 " 高分句型是什么样的,和你想象的是不是有差距 !
1、翻新定语从句
定语从句是同学们复合句中用的最普遍的,也是最容易掌握的句式。但如果想要出色地使用定语从句,同学们在平时就要多注重积累。
同学们可以参考《剑 9》的 Test 2 范文中第四段的最后一句话:This rise was particularly noticeable between 1990 and 2000, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.
这里考官并没有用 " 常规 " 的 which 引导的定语从句,而是使用了 " 介词 + 关系词 " 的方式,使得句子变得高大上了许多。像这样比较容易掌握的方式,是在句子后出现时间的时候,使用 during which 或者 by which 这样的结构,可以将具体图表变化的趋势写出来,或者可以直接使用关系副词中指代时间的 when。
e.g.《剑 8》Test 2 This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget.
2、状语前置
所谓状语前置就是把状语 ( 副词,介词短语,分词,不定式 ) 放到句首。考官频繁使用这种语法结构,而很多考生却没有意识,这种句式通过一堆长句子中出现一个小短语,可以让句子产生长短结合的紧凑感,实例如下:
1 ) Obviously, education systems are based on the belief that all children can effectively be taught to acquire different skills.
2 ) Like self-awareness,this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think these are the two factors that may be most important for achieving happiness.
3 ) As a result of media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities.
3、句中插入短语
和状语前置类似,长句子中间插入一个小短语,可以让句子读起来更轻松灵活。考官实例如下:
1 ) This will affect the job market, which, after all, is a key target in any economic plan.
2 ) Sports stars and pop stars,for example, are soon replaced by the neat younger, more energetic generation.
4、倒装句
这种语法现象考生都学过,但往往在作文中忘记或没有意识使用。
考官范文中的倒装例子并不多,主要体现在以下几种情况中:
1 ) Only in this way can this problem be effectively solved.
2 ) Strange as it may seem, parents ’ attention sometimes hinders students ’ academic development.
考生在平时的语言积累和写作练习中,可以多模仿这几种固定句式,在文章中穿插 1-2 句倒装句。
5、强调句
强调句的句式框架结构为 It is+ ( 被强调的成分 ) that/who+ ( 句子剩余成分 ) , 类似于中文的 " 正是…导致了… " 的意思。例如,考官范文中的例句:
1 ) It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person ’ personality and dictates how that personality develops.
2 ) It is only those who reach the very top of their profession who can get these huge salaries.
强调句式是考生比较难把握的一种句型,容易和 it 引导的形式主语相混淆,其实我们可以通过去掉 It is … that … /It is … who …的框架看剩下的是否是一个完整的句子来判断强调句写的是否正确。
考生可以通过以上几种句式结构的介绍,搭配简单句去使用,让句式灵活多变。
6、平行结构
严格来讲,平行结构并不属于特殊句式,而是英语语法的规范要求,但是由于遵守这个基本语法规则的考生太少了,平行结构也升级成了一种 " 特殊句式 "。
这种结构的使用在考官范文里出现较多,最常见的形式是在表示并列关系的连接词,例如 and/or 等的前后两侧用名词对名词,形容词对形容词,动词不定式对动词不定式,分词短语对分词短语,从句对从句…比如:
1 ) Satisfaction is also increased by a sense of responsibility for and loyal to a team.
2 ) Even when children use a computer for other purposes, such as getting information or emailing friends, it is no substitute for human interaction.
3 ) Some essays are hard to understand not because they are long but because they are obscure.
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